Time

Conversions between milliseconds, seconds, and frame rates.

Visualizing frame budgets and discrete sampling intervals calculated with Time.fpsToMillisec() and Time.millisecToSec() across 60, 30, and 12 FPS.

Four one-line conversions that keep the ×1000 and 1000÷ constants out of animation code. millisecToSec() and secToMillisec() handle units; fpsToMillisec() and millisecToFps() translate between a frame rate and a frame budget.

The common use is turning a target rate into the duration you compare against elapsed time, so the constant reads as a rate instead of an unexplained decimal.

import { Time } from '@1pizzateam/spock';

const frameBudget = Time.fpsToMillisec(60); // 16.67 ms
const actualFps = Time.millisecToFps(20);   // 50

// "three steps a second", in seconds
const stepDuration = Time.millisecToSec(Time.fpsToMillisec(3));

Time.millisecToSec()

Milliseconds to seconds.

Divides by 1000. Browser timestamps arrive in milliseconds while animation maths usually runs in seconds.

millisecToSec(millisecond: number): number

Parameters

• millisecond — number.

Returns

number — the time in second

Example

import { Time } from '@1pizzateam/spock';


const result = Time.millisecToSec(1);

Time.secToMillisec()

Seconds to milliseconds.

Multiplies by 1000, for APIs such as setTimeout that expect milliseconds.

secToMillisec(second: number): number

Parameters

• second — number.

Returns

number — the time in milliseconds

Example

import { Time } from '@1pizzateam/spock';


const result = Time.secToMillisec(1);

Time.millisecToFps()

Frame duration in ms to frames per second.

Turns a frame duration into a rate, which is how a measured frame time becomes a readable FPS number.

millisecToFps(millisecond: number): number

Parameters

• millisecond — number. the time in frame to second

Returns

number

Example

import { Time } from '@1pizzateam/spock';


const result = Time.millisecToFps(1);

Time.fpsToMillisec()

Frames per second to frame duration in ms.

Turns a target rate into the milliseconds each frame gets: the budget you compare elapsed time against when capping a loop.

fpsToMillisec(refreshRate: number): number

Parameters

• refreshRate — number.

Returns

number — the time in millisecond

Example

import { Time } from '@1pizzateam/spock';


const result = Time.fpsToMillisec(1);

Time.now()

High-resolution monotonic timestamp in milliseconds across environments.

Uses performance.now() when available with a fallback to Date.now().

now(): number

Returns

number — monotonic millisecond timestamp

Example

import { Time } from '@1pizzateam/spock';

const start = Time.now();

Time.clampDelta()

Clamp frame delta duration in milliseconds to prevent simulation instability.

Protects animation and physics updates against massive lag spikes or tab switching.

clampDelta(delta: number, maxMs?: number, minMs?: number): number

Parameters

• delta — number. Frame duration in milliseconds.
• maxMs — number. Maximum allowed duration in ms (default: 100).
• minMs — number. Minimum allowed duration in ms (default: 0).

Returns

number — the clamped delta in milliseconds

Time.smoothFps()

Exponential moving average for smooth instantaneous FPS updates.

Provides zero-allocation, instantaneous framerate smoothing without needing ring buffers.

smoothFps(currentFps: number, instantFps: number, alpha?: number): number

Parameters

• currentFps — number. Current smoothed FPS.
• instantFps — number. Measured FPS of the latest frame.
• alpha — number. Smoothing weight factor between 0 and 1 (default: 0.05).

Returns

number — updated smoothed FPS

Time.subSteps()

Compute fixed-timestep simulation sub-steps and accumulator remainder.

Facilitates deterministic, fixed-timestep game loops and physics accumulators.

subSteps(delta: number, fixedStep: number, maxSubSteps?: number): { steps: number; remainder: number }

Parameters

• delta — number. Elapsed duration in milliseconds.
• fixedStep — number. Fixed step duration in milliseconds (e.g. 16.666).
• maxSubSteps — number. Maximum sub-steps permitted (default: 4).

Returns

{ steps: number, remainder: number }